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Intracranial hematoma
Screening and diagnosis
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BRAIN & NERVOUS SYSTEM
Head Injury An intracranial hematoma occurs when a blood vessel - either an
artery or a vein - ruptures between your skull and
your brain. Blood then leaks between your brain and
your skull. Although head injuries can be minor, an
intracranial hematoma is a serious and possibly
life-threatening condition often requiring immediate
treatment. Your brain floats within your skull and is
surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions it
from the light bounces of everyday movement. But the
fluid may not be able to absorb the force of a
sudden blow or a quick stop. In these situations,
your brain may slide forcefully against the inner
wall of your skull and become bruised. An intracranial hematoma occurs when a blood
vessel - either an artery or a vein - ruptures
between your skull and your brain. Blood then leaks
between your brain and your skull. The collection of
blood (hematoma), possibly clotted, compresses brain
tissue. Treating hematomas usually requires surgery to
remove the blood. However, smaller hematomas may not
require removal of the blood.
Screening and diagnosis
Diagnosing a hematoma can be difficult. However, doctors generally
presume that the progressive loss of consciousness after a head injury
is caused by a hemorrhage inside the head until proven otherwise.
The best methods to define the position and size of a hematoma are a
computerized tomography (CT) scan or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scan. A CT scan uses a sophisticated X-ray machine linked to a computer
to produce detailed, two-dimensional images of the brain. You lie still
on a movable table that's guided into what looks like an enormous
doughnut where the images are taken. An MRI scan is done using a large
magnet and radio waves to make computerized images. During an MRI scan,
you lie on a movable table that's guided into a tube, or tunnel. CT and
MRI scans are painless.
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